What common functionality does SOAP API not provide?

The correct choice indicates that while SOAP API offers various functionalities for integrating with Salesforce, real-time processing is not one of its strengths. SOAP API is primarily designed for synchronous communication, meaning it waits for a response from the server after sending a request. This makes it suitable for real-time operations where immediate responses are required. However, the context of the question points to a limitation regarding handling large datasets or batch processing in an efficient manner.

When comparing it with bulk data operations, the Bulk API is tailored specifically for loading or deleting large volumes of data asynchronously. This allows for operations that don't require instantaneous feedback and can be handled in the background, which is not something SOAP API excels at due to its synchronous nature.

Regarding permission control, SOAP API does include mechanisms for authenticating users and checking permissions based on their profiles and roles in Salesforce. Query operations are also well-supported through the API, allowing users to perform CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations.

Overall, the common functionality SOAP API does not provide effectively relates to its inability to handle bulk data operations as efficiently as other dedicated interfaces would.